Biodiesel

Biodiesel Test Report

NSIC TECHNICAL SERVICEL CENTRE
(The National Small Industries Corporation Ltd.)
Rajkot – 360 003.

DIESEL ENGINE TESTING LABORATORY

Report No. PBD-2

Reports of Diesel Engine Tested on Biodiesel as per Indian Standard’s specification 10000 & 10001 of 1981/11170 of 1985, under CSMCRI, project where reflned Jetropha Biodiesel was supplied by CSMCRI, Bhavnagar.

Engine Details :
Lister Engine (without any modification) :

Manufactured by : Power Engineering Corporation, Rajkot.
Executive Summary :

Following conclusions are made from the results and observations.

• The bio-diesel is more eco friendly compare to Diesel.
• Bio-diesel is the substitue of Diesel
• Without any modification in Diesel Engine the Bio-diesel can be used as fuel.
• The wear and tear on components is under limit.
• Bio-diesel is more suitable fuel for slow speed Diesel Engine compare to high-speed Diesel Engine.
• Exhaust temperature is higher compare to diesel operation.
• 100% fuel replacement is feasible only with pure bio-diesel.
• Lubricant oil get early deteriorate compare to diesel due to the glycerin as composition in bio-diesel.
• Specific fuel consumption is Higher (8 to 15%) comparing to diesel without modification in Diesel Engine.
• The test was conducted for 10 cycle only as per BIS Norms.
• To have more details study it is suggested to undergo the test as per IS-10000 & 10001 of 1981/11700 of 1985 which consist of 512 hours test (32 cycle-16 hours per day).
• Bio-diesel can be better fuel for future, which is made from agriculture product (Renewable Energy).
• Bio-Oil is also one of the alternative fuel can be use along with Diesel up to 20% without refines.

Test Set-up and Measurements :

• The engine was mounted rigidly on a test bed and the test was conducted with the help of a rope brake drum pulley. The engine was loaded accordintly and load calculated as per under given formula. KW=†† X Weight in Kg. X (Drum Ø in meter + Rope Ø in meter X RPM ÷ 6122.
• The fuel to the engine is supplied by an over-head fuel tank through a burette having capacity of 50 cc by means of which the fuel consumption could be determined with a stopwatch.
• Exhaust gas temperature was measured by means of Digital Thermocouple of the range 0° to 1200° centigrade fitted in the exhaust close to the engine.
• A sampling out-let to the exhaust is provided for exhaust backpressure measurement with help of the water “U” tube manometer.
• The water out-lets and in-lets temperature were measured by means of a mercury-in-glass thermometer of the range 0° to 110° centigrade.
• The atmospheric conditions are recorded by means of the following equipments :
  1. Engine intake air temperature is measured by means of mercury-in-glass thermometer of the range of 0° to 110° centigrade.
  2. Atmospheric pressure is noted by means of barometer.
  3. Humidity is determined by means of wet and dry bulb thermometers and values are found from the hygrometric tables (1000 WB).
• Speed of the engine in RPM was measured by means of a Digital tecometer.

Testing Method :
The total test consists in five parts, namely :

• Dimensioning : Open the engine and measured the critical components important dimensions and assembles the engine and mounted on test bed for testing.
• Performance Test : This test consists of three parts, namely :
  1. Twelve hour continuous Rating test : A 12 hours continuous rating test was conducted at the rated speed of RPM on full load corresponding to declared KW/BHP. The engine was run with 10% overload during the last one hour of its 12 hour continuous run as per IS specification.
  2. Fuel Consumption Test : The engine was run for a considerable period after necessary adjustment to get rated power and rated speed. The engine was allowed to attain steady working temperature. The time taken for consumption of 50 cc of fuel was noted for no load, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 110% of full load. The values of specific fule consumption are given in attached sheet.
  3. Governing Test : The engine was allowed to attain a steady condition at full loads at its rated speed, recorded by an instantaneous digital tachometer by unloading on break pulley, both temporary and permanent changes of speed were recorded. These results are rabulated in Governing test sheet.
• Endurance Test : The engines suppose to run 32 cycles (16 hours 1 cycle). For this project the engine was run only 10 cycles. For one cycle loading pattern as under :
  1. Full load 4 hours
  2. Half load 4 hours
  3. Over load 1/2 hour
  4. No load 1/2 hour
  5. Full load 31/2 hours
  6. Half load 31/2 hours
• Performance Test : As mentioned in Sr. No. 2
• Dimensioning : Open the engine and measured the critical components important dimensions and calculate wearing and assembles the engine.

Governing Test : (Class – B1)
Engine : Lister
Before Endurance run

After Endurance run

Comparision of Smoke Analysis, S.F.C., ETC. :
Engine : Lister

Abbreviation :
SPM : Particulate Matters
H. C.: Hydro Carbon
SOX : Sulphur Oxide
CO : Carbon Monoxide
NOX: Nitrogen Oxide